Factores de riesgo asociados a la prevalencia de enfermedades en estudiantes universitarios: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65133/irj.v2.n2.2026/a22Palabras clave:
Prevalencia, Estudiantes Universitarios, Factores de Riesgo, Trastornos Mentales, Salud PúblicaResumen
Introducción: Los factores de riesgo en la prevalencia de enfermedades en estudiantes universitarios es un área crítica en la epidemiología debido a su impacto significativo en la salud física, mental y el rendimiento académico de esta población. Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio es realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura para identificar la prevalencia de enfermedades y los factores de riesgo más comunes en estudiantes universitarios, proporcionando una base sólida para futuras investigaciones y políticas de salud dirigidas a esta población. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices PRISMA. Se incluyeron estudios publicados entre 2014 y 2024 en inglés, español y portugués, enfocados en estudiantes universitarios. La búsqueda se realizó en bases de datos como PubMed, Scopus, y SciELO, utilizando términos clave relacionados con la prevalencia de enfermedades, factores de riesgo y estudiantes universitarios. Resultados: El análisis reveló que los trastornos mentales como la ansiedad y la depresión, y problemas de salud relacionados con el estilo de vida, como el consumo de alcohol y la inactividad física, son prevalentes en esta población. Además, se identificó que los cuestionarios autoadministrados son el instrumento de recolección de datos más utilizado, lo que resalta la necesidad de métodos estandarizados en la investigación. Conclusiones: El estudio subraya la importancia de una evaluación continua de la salud en estudiantes universitarios, enfocándose en los trastornos mentales y los factores de riesgo relacionados con el estilo de vida. Se recomienda el desarrollo de intervenciones específicas para mitigar estos riesgos y mejorar la salud general de los estudiantes. Aporte: el estudio proporciona una comprensión integral de los problemas de salud prevalentes en estudiantes universitarios y los factores de riesgo asociados, lo que puede guiar la formulación de políticas y la implementación de programas de salud pública en el ámbito universitario.
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