Orlistat como terapia complementaria en la diabetes tipo 2 con obesidad de grado II: resultados glucémicos y lipídicos en un caso clínico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65133/irj.v1.n1.2025/a10Palabras clave:
Obesidad, Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, Orlistat, Farmacoterapia, Control metabólico, Síndrome cardiometabólicoResumen
Introducción: La coexistencia de obesidad y diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) constituye un desafío terapéutico de alta complejidad, dado que la adiposidad visceral exacerba la resistencia a la insulina y acelera las complicaciones cardiometabólicas. Orlistat, inhibidor selectivo de las lipasas gastrointestinales, representa la alternativa farmacológica antiobesidad más accesible en sistemas de salud pública latinoamericanos. Objetivo: Describir la eficacia clínica de Orlistat como terapia coadyuvante en un caso de obesidad grado II asociada a DM2 con control glucémico insuficiente. Presentación del caso: Paciente femenina de 44 años con DM2 de seis años de evolución, hipertensión arterial no tratada y doble terapia oral (metformina 500 mg/día y glibenclamida 2,5 mg/día). En la evaluación basal presentó obesidad grado II (IMC 33,5 kg/m²), glucosa en ayunas de 202,86 mg/dL, HbA1c del 8,4% y colesterol total de 225 mg/dL. Se instauró Orlistat 120 mg cada 8 horas, ajuste de metformina a 1000 mg/día, plan nutricional hipocalórico individualizado y actividad física aeróbica progresiva de 150 minutos semanales. Resultados: Al primer mes se registró pérdida de 0,85 kg y reducción del 0,7% de grasa corporal. Los efectos adversos gastrointestinales fueron leves y autolimitados. A los tres meses, la glucosa en ayunas descendió a 108,3 mg/dL, la HbA1c al 7,1% y el colesterol total a 170 mg/dL, con mejoría clínica global. Conclusiones: Orlistat, integrado en un programa de manejo integral, demostró beneficios clínicamente significativos sobre el control glucémico, el perfil lipídico y la composición corporal. Su accesibilidad y perfil de seguridad favorable lo posicionan como una opción terapéutica vigente en entornos con acceso limitado a terapias de nueva generación.
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